Modern Drama And Modern Criticism - 2836 Words

â€Å"Nothing is harder to bring to life for a modern reader than the theatre of the past,† Michael Booth states in his book, English Melodrama, as an opening to his chapter â€Å"the character of melodrama†. Booth resumes by saying that to reconstruct extinct theaters, to inhabit them once again with noisy audiences, and to light them with flickering candles, harsh hissing gas, and soft multi-colored pools of limelight picking out actors long forgotten, acting in old-fashioned ways in front of creaking flats and jerking wings, is to make dead eyes see and dead ears hear. After research on this topic, I realized that the task is even more difficult when the kind of theatre under discussion is now extinct, and toward which modern drama and modern criticism is unsympathetic. This is the case with the melodrama of the nineteenth century, the most popular dramatic form of its age, a form that depended more on graphic exhilaration and the thrill of the moment – qualit ies almost beyond critical recall – than anything ever written for the stage. Now it is all gone, and I will hopefully through this essay bring some of this back to life. Yet because of its energy and vividness, something of its nature can be imparted. Melodrama had never been rated highly by dramatic critics or historians, whose most contemptuous word is â€Å"melodramatic.† To describe and raise it out of the neglect and contumely where it has generally remained all this century, to show it so that it can at least beShow MoreRelatedJohn Dryden884 Words   |  4 PagesQuarrel of the Moderns and the Ancients Those beauties of the French poesy are such as will raise perfection higher where it is, but are not sufficient to give it where it is not: they are indeed the beauties of a statue but not of a man (Poesy Abridged). Dryden wrote this essay as a dramatic dialogue with four characters representing four critical positions. The four critical positions are ancients verses moderns, unities, French verses English drama, separation of tragedy and comedy versesRead MoreThe Great Helmsman s Mr. Big A New Play About Lu Xun ( 1881-1936 ) Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesA giant statue overlooking the stage, faceless yet easily recognizable as the Great Helmsman, scenes that resemble a Cultural Revolution-era public persecution — many aspects of â€Å"Mr. Big,† a new play about Lu Xun (1881–1936), modern China’s most famous writer, carry political undertones, and it’s not to everyone’s liking. â€Å"Mr. Big† opens with Lu Xun’s soul heading to heaven after his death. Using imagery from the Cultural Revolution, heaven slowly turns into hell, and at the end of the play twoRead MoreEssay about The Role of Realism in Ibsens, A Dolls House737 Words   |  3 Pagessocial commentary, exploring the moral conflict within his characters and the dangers of deception. Ibsen’s theatre background has shaped â€Å"A Doll’s House† into a realistic prose drama, which ensured that his idea’s and themes could be easily translated to engage a wider audience. As â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a realistic drama each of Ibsen’s character encapsulate a role in his society. Nora as the main protagonist is branded by others as â€Å"an extravagant little thing†, and represents what was typicalRead MoreHindi as a Language1451 Words   |  6 Pagestook its form and since then it has been constantly modified. History of Hindi literature as a whole can be divided into four stages: Adikal (the Early Period), Bhaktikal (the Devotional Period), Ritikal (the Scholastic Period) and Adhunikkal (the Modern Period). Adikal- Adikal starts from the middle of the 10th century to the beginning of the 14th century. The poetry of this period has been divided into three categories Apabhramsha Poetry, Heroic Poetry and Miscellaneous Poetry. Apabhramsha PoetryRead More The Character of Linda Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman524 Words   |  3 Pagessubjective category.   In any case what feel is always more real to us than what we know, and we feel the family relationship while we only know, and we feel the family relationship while we only know the social one. (Arthur Miller, The Family in Modern Drama) If Willy is not totally unsympathetic (and he is not), much of the goodness in him is demonstrated in his devotion to his wife, according to his lights.   Though he is often masterful and curt, he is still deeply concerned about her: I wasRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Notebook 1088 Words   |  5 Pagesopposite sides, and both are continuous voices in the boy’s life as he takes on life struggles such as relationships, racism, persona development, and the decision on what type of man he wants to be. This film is classified under the genre of Crime Drama. From this classification, a viewer is set-up with a variety of expectations that can overlap somewhat with those in the notebook, but also something distinctly different to this film. The conventions that an audience agrees to include seeing illegalRead MoreSuccessful Female Crime Drama Leads: Where Does that Leave Motherhood?1047 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, there has been a gender shift in crime dramas on television. In the 70s, 80s, and early 90s, the viewer saw the lead characters to be heavily male dominated with a woman thrown in for mostly sex appeal. The shift from the stereotypical nuclear family, with a stay-at-home mom, has impacted many genres of television programing and exemplified in Paul Cantor’s â€Å"The Simpson: Atomistic Politics and the Nuclear Family,† when referring to the deviation from a historic ideal family â€Å"in factRead More Essay on Stagnant Lives in Streetcar Named Desir e and Glass Menagerie1196 Words   |  5 Pagesassessment of Tennessee Williams plays proves true when one looks closely at the characters of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire and Amanda Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie. Their lives run closely parallel to one another in their respective dramas. They reject their present lives, yet their methods of escape are dissimilar. Both women have lost someone they cared for, and so seek to hold, and unintentionally suffocate, those they have left. A major problem that both Blanche and AmandaRead MoreThe Field Of Biblical Literary Criticism1168 Words   |  5 PagesResearch in the field of biblical literary criticism have rapidly increased in recent decades. The publication of Robert Alter s 1981 The Art of Biblical Narrative stamps the symbolic arrival of a style of analysis that has now become entrenched in modern biblical research. Robert Alter argues that the Bible is a largely cohesive literary text to be read with a literary purpose. In this essay it is asked if assumptions about texts predicated on the study of modern literature can be profitably appliedRead MoreEssay on Carson McCullers1148 Words   |  5 PagesCarson McCullers (Allen 208). Her work is marked with the feeling of loneliness coming from her lonely childhood (spiritual isolation is the basis of most of her themes) and the music she always wanted to study. She wrote novels, short stories and dramas. In all she received the recognition of both the pub lic, her fellows writers, and critics.      Carson McCullers is a talented Southern American writer who touched others with her ability to describe human complexity with a touch of poesy

Measuring Measure Of Implicit Attitudes - 1165 Words

MEASURING ATTITUDES - Implicit association test – measure of implicit attitudes - All measures of sampling verbal behaviour Social psychologists employ a variety of different measures in attempt to measure attitudes, which cannot be directly measured due to their hypothetical and unobservable nature. However, they are often inferable from behaviour. For example, a negative attitude towards smoking might be reflected in moving away from someone who lights up in your vicinity (behaviour). Attitudes measures can be explicit (i.e. participant is asked directly about their attitude towards an object – e.g. opinion poll), or implicit (i.e. measure wherein participants sub-conscious attitudes are assessed without their knowledge – e.g†¦) (Haddock and Maio, 2008). Questionnaires are the most common measure of attitudes, utilising one of four types of attitude measurement scales. For example, Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) devised his equal interval scale in his 1928 work, ‘Attitudes can be measured’, based on results obtained from a study on religious attitudes, ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative (Thurstone and Chave, 1929). However, constructing such a scale is a complicated and time-consuming process. Items on the scale are assumed to have equal intervals (i.e. items are divided into groups containing an equal range of numbers) between them, with each representing a pre-assigned value (e.g. Homosexuality is a choice – attached value of 1; Homosexuality isShow MoreRelatedRacism And Racism Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesforeigners in modern-day Germany becoming victims of human rights abuses such as beatings, verbal abuse, etc. by Neo-Nazis and teenage skinheads. To simply just observing another person wearing a t-shirt of a rival football could still instill negative attitudes towards that particular person, even if t here was zero social interaction to provide a justifiable impression. This leads to the focus of this essay. The insidious, non-conscious, irrational automatic bias and how it can affect our thought processesRead MoreA Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Weight Bias Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Implicit and Explicit Measures of Weight Bias Renee Szostak Abstract In the present study, the results of the fat-thin Implicit Association Test (IAT) were compared with the results of explicit surveys in ten Indiana University undergraduates. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant correlation between subjects results on the IAT and their responses in the explicit survey. Our survey was designed to measure the same bias that the IAT was measuring. We hypothesizedRead MoreEducation Plan For Grade Implicit Attitudes And Bias1514 Words   |  7 PagesGrade Implicit Attitudes and Bias What applications can be used to identify and address the hidden impulses of racial bias? Implicit attitudes develop early within every culture, where race is categorized by age 5 (Hirschfeld, 1996, 2001). While reviewing the developmental process of implicit attitudes in youth when introduced to social groups, it helps researchers understand their significance on an individual’s emotional decision making skills. The level of implicit and explicit attitude is alsoRead MoreHow Do Implicit Attitudes Influence How We Respond to Other?1252 Words   |  6 PagesHow do implicit attitudes influence how we respond to Other? Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes. â€Å"Implicit attitude is defined as unacknowledged attitudes external to a person’s awarenessRead MoreImplicit And Explicit Behavior : An Evaluation And Procedures For Future Studies1593 Words   |  7 Pages The research is based on ‘Implicit Social In-Group Bias.’ This research regards the work of Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., Schwartz, J. K. L. It was predicted that, there’d be a faster reaction time in the young and positive condition then the young and negative condition. 248 participants were used. The administration of IAT (Implicit Association Test) helped assess the distinction of the individual’s characteristics, associating ‘Young’ and ‘Positive’ to measure the cognitive process. TheRead MoreEmployment Discrimination And Its Significance1190 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants have very little success in obtaining skilled-based employment. Prejudice attitude of recruiters or employers may overlap with the social identity theory that asserts that immigrants are seen as cultural threat because they are not distinctly assimilated into the host country (Harrell et al., 2012). Thus, this essay assesses measures of employment disc rimination and its significance in Canada. Measuring employment discrimination using resume testing: Discrimination in callback differencesRead MoreA Viewpoint On Racialized Differences, Discrimination, And Discrimination1182 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants have very little success in obtaining skilled-based employment. 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The People with a disability (PWD) often are seen as having an absence of power, a deficiency of stamina, feeblenessRead MoreCultural Pluralism Course At The Harvard Implicit Association Test ( Iat )828 Words   |  4 PagesThe first assignment in our Cultural Pluralism course was to take part in several individual studies as part of the Harvard Implicit Association Test (IAT). Each of the studies measures a person’s attitudes and beliefs that they may not be willing or unable to express and to write about our experience. For some individuals, taking these types of tests would be possibly a little unsettling. As for myself, I was very sure that I had a strong understanding of who I am and what I believe, so I thoughtRead MoreImplicit Associations Test1011 Words   |  5 PagesGrace Dzilenski Society and the Individual March 27, 2011 It was with some trepidation that I awaited my score for the Presidential Implicit Association Test (IAT). Was it possible that I am subconsciously racist? 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Sustainable Marketing Amorepacific Singapore Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Marketing for Amorepacific Singapore Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction Contemporary businesses are applying the concepts of sustainable marketing to support environmental friendly operations and drive profits. There is a mainstream concern for organizations to conserve the environment and resources for future generations. Consumers are increasingly motivated to support firms that adopt sustainable operations, not only in the products or services offered but also all areas affected by a companys existence (Rosen, and Kishawy 2012). Businesses adopt ideas of sustainability that focus on the planet, people, and profit to survive the changing market environment. Companies in same industries are embracing sustainability elements as a competition tool to expand market share and grow profits while protecting the natural environment (Montiel, and Delgado-Ceballos 2014). One of these organizations is the AmorePacific Singapore Pte Ltd that operates in the Singapores cosmetics industry and other global markets. This company is adopting various sustainability prac tices in all areas ranging from extraction of resources, through the production and supply-chain, to disposal of wastes by its customers. The marketing programs incorporate activities to popularize AmorePacifics sustainability efforts and attract more customers to buy its beauty products (Martin, Schouten 2012). Some of the successes included in marketing activities include reducing carbon, water, and ecological footprint per unit production. There are also opportunities for improvements. Exploring the AmorePacifics sustainability aspects in marketing strategies would provide insights for use in other companies to embrace the environment and resource protection campaigns. Company Background AmorePacific is a global manufacturer and seller of cosmetic products. The company has origins in Korea market with history of over 70 years in the business. It has expanded over the years to venture in other Asian countries and the rest of the world. It has operations in many countries through outlets, regional offices, research centers, and partnerships with distribution intermediaries. AmorePacific Singapore is the regional headquarters for functions in the ASEAN (Association of South East Asia Nations) bloc (Amorepacific 2016a). Operations in the Singapore also involve research and innovation portfolio aimed at improving sustainability of the society, environment, and profitability. The regional offices give the company advantages in marketing the products in Singapore. AmorePacific has introduced brands to the Singapore customers. They include Laneige, Etude House, Sulwhasoo, and Innisfree. Laneige was the first sell in the market since 2004, while the others were adapted in 200 9, 2012, and 2013, respectively (Amorepacific 2016a). Expansion of the product portfolio signifies successful penetration and growth in the market despite the competition from local and other global firms. At the core of this continued success is an aggressive marketing strategy inspired by comprehensive sustainability considerations for the planet, people, and profits (Smith, 2016). Each brand has a link to the sustainable policies adopted for the companys global operations. Although there is notable success, AmorePacific faces some sustainability issues that push the company to explore innovative ways to do business. Examples include pressure for minimizing carbon footprint, water consumption, and ecological destruction (Seuring, and Gold 2013). Sustainability concepts applied in the Laneige brand are of interest in this report. Laneige Brand The Laniage brand was developed in 1993 and has been selling in the Singapore market for over a decade. It is designed to attain beauty for the users. Laneige brand consists of over one hundred products categorized under three purposes: skincare, makeups, and home functions (Amorepacific 2015). It applies technology that transforms water into skin-hydrating energy besides enhancing beauty. Hence, water is an essential ingredient, and thus subjects the company to water-related sustainability issues (Hoekstra, and Mekonnen 2012). Icon products under Laneige brand are: water bank moisture cream, water sleeping mask, and BB cushion (Amorepacific 2016b). AmorePacific carries out innovations through research centers to continually improve the Laneige brand and counter competition from substitutes. As a result, new products are released to the market for customers to enjoy. An important aspect of the development of these products is the sustainability implications. Other than using water in manufacturing processes, the brand requires other materials obtained from the environment. Extracting these resources has impact on the ecology (Whiteman, Walker, and Perego 2013). Additionally, processing stages require energy that affects the carbon footprint of the company depending on the source. Further, the supply chain activities such as transportation and marketing require resources that influence the carbon footprint levels. Other areas of concern include management for industrial and domestic wastes (Gunasekaran, A. and Spalanzani, 2012). Waste disposal procedures affect the carbon and ecological footprint. The Laneige brand seeks to continually reduce negative impacts on the environment to support in accordance with the companys strategies all over the world. AmorePacifics sustainability practices adopted in Laneige brand are evaluated and discussed in subsequent paragraphs taking into consideration the competition and other marketing forces. AmorePacific Sustainability Strategies Water and Waste Footprint Management AmorePacific has developed water and waste management sustainability plan to apply on all products worldwide. The Laniage brand and its products follow this policy to address issues related to water consumption and waste disposal. The company strives to conserve water resources by maximizing utilization throughout the manufacturing cycles. The strategy is pegged on three water sustainability concepts: reducing amount used, recycling, and reuse (Amorepacific 2016c). Reduction improves efficiency by optimizing usage and minimizing water loss. AmorePacific is expanding recycling activities and the use of recycled water in various functions in the company. For instance, the company is expanding uses of recycled water after primary treatment (Sahota 2014). Reuse component involves utilizing rainwater and concentrated water after ionization in some process in the company. Sustainable water consumption practices have yielded a 25 percent reduction for every unit produced in 2015 compared to 2010 usage levels (Amorepacific 2016c). Based on these performances, the company would surpass the target of 30 percent reduction by 2020. The waste management practice adopted is reduction of non-recyclable waste by expanding recycling operations. By 2020, the company seeks to attain 35 percent reduction per unit production of the 2010 non-recycled waste volumes. Carbon Footprint Management AmorePacific has developed a comprehensive strategy to cut down carbon emission that is the major contributor to climate change. The manufacture and distribution of Laneige products is associated with significant emission of carbon to the environment. AmorePacific adopts best sustainability practices to attain effective control of carbon in every phase of operation. The strategy includes control of carbon from raw materials sourcing to the manufacturing process, and into transport and supply of products to the buyers (Amorepacific 2016d). The company goes beyond and creates a policy for addressing carbon footprint due to consumption of the products until the disposal stage. The company has greenhouse gas records for all operations and brands to help realize goals. AmorePacific goal was to achieve a 30 percent reduction of greenhouse gases on the 2010 statistics by 2020 (Amorepacific 2016d). Activities to achieve this aim included optimizing direct and indirect energy use in processin g and supply activities. Owing to the strategy, AmorePacific accomplished the target in 2014. Despite this success, the company implements practices to reduce greenhouse gases further. Specific practices in the purchase and production stage include increasing energy efficiency and using renewable sources. AmorePacific analyzes patterns of consuming energy to determine opportunities for improvement (Amorepacific 2016d). After identifying an area to cut down power consumption, energy saving plan is developed for all products. Adopting renewable energy such as solar power reduces reliance on highly pollutant sources and associated carbon footprint. Measures to reduce carbon emissions for transportation and supply functions are eco-driving and joint transport means. AmorePacific transport vehicles are fixed with devices to guide drivers practice more environmentally-friendly activities. The distribution drivers receive incentives based on their eco-driving scores that motivate them to improve their performances (Amorepacific 2016d). Another way of reducing transport carbon footprint involves conducting joint distribution of products to utilize full capacity of vehicles . For the product use stage, the company has developed low-carbon items by tracking the carbon emission for every product and developing one that attains reduced footprint (de Jong et al. 2015). The low-carbon Laneige items are marketed to support the companys commitment to providing environmentally sustainable product. At the last phase of the product cycle (consumer disposal), AmorePacific develops sustainable packaging material for the products (Amorepacific. 2016h). This practice is in line with plans to reduce packaging use for every product by 20 percent by the year 2020 (Amorepacific 2016d). An example includes development of recyclable, renewable, and reusable packaging material. In 2014, the company created a post-consumer recycled packaging plastic. Ecological Footprint AmorePacific Company values the biodiversity of natural ecosystems and strives to reduce damage associated with its operations. The company uses a significant share of raw materials extracted from the natural environment. To preserve the ecological quality for the future generations, the company implements several practices. The guiding principle is to protect, restore, and champion for diversity (Amorepacific 2016e). The biodiversity strategy includes conservation practices that strive to restore endangered or rare species to avoid their extinction. Additionally, the company seeks to manufacture products using materials that cause no harm to environment. Under the biodiversity strategy the company has managed to restore endangered species in a Koren flower farm in 2012. It has also produced books to create awareness of conserving plants in Jeju region. Other practices include sponsoring conservation activities aimed at preserving rich biodiversity in the environment. AmorePacific adopts other sustainable concepts of utilizing and protecting biological resources. One practice is attaining sustainable use of natural resources in manufacturing processes. The company identifies the rare native species and develops cultivation activities that aim at achieving restoration and proliferation (Amorepacific 2016e). Moreover, AmorePacific invests in biodiversity research to gain a thorough understanding of different species that enables exploration for possible new applications. Under this practice, the company has established a botanical and beans garden to grow rear herbal resources. It uses the plant species in research to discover new ways of creating beauty products. Novel applications would improve the product efficacy besides helping attain maximum use in production (Despeisse et al. 2012). Consequently, high utilization ensures minimal resources used yield mass products. As a result, the company limits ecological degradation that takes place when th ere resource extraction rate is greater than the rate of replenishment. As part of ecological preservation, AmorePacific cooperates with other stakeholders. The company works together with communities to influence the traditional knowledge on the use of biological resources to control depletion or the species. Local communities also use the resources for various functions despite having little awareness for conservation. AmorePacific seeks to improve the knowledge of locals using the plant species to enable sustainable extraction that does not lead to loss or rare species (Amorepacific 2016e). The company also involves the locals in cultivating the biological resources and buys them as raw materials for the production activities. It pays fair prices that ensure the profits generated are shared equitably with the locals. Both the company and the people benefit from mutual arrangement. AmorePacific can influence the use of biological resources as well as gaining knowledge of the traditional uses that can enhance research and innovation activities. On the o ther hand, the people receive fair prices for cultivating and supplying raw materials to the company. Incomes earned help improve their living standards. Sustainable Marketing Strategy: 4Ps AmorePacific marketing strategies incorporates sustainability concepts to reach more customers and communicate companys efforts to conserve the environment. AmorePacific applies these environmental conservation practices along the 4Ps (products, price, place, and promotion) marketing strategy for all brands. The marketing activities of Laneige brand in Singapore exhibit these attributes. The product marketing component includes all sustainability features such as quality, diversity, and safety for consumer use (Amorepacific 2016f). AmorePacific invests huge resources and expertise in the product design and processing stage to ensure the end product meets desirable sustainability performances. The products are manufactured applying practices to minimize energy and carbon footprint, optimal resource utilization, limited water consumption, and recyclable wastes. Moreover, the company carries out continuous research to improve quality and range of products. By doing this, the products me et diverse needs of customers while attaining maximum resource use (Hgevold, Svensson, and Padin 2015). The products are also tested to ensure are safe before delivering for consumption. The technology applied aims to ensure packaging materials are recyclable and safe for the environment. The AmorePacific pricing strategy strives to attain sustainable revenues while preserving the economic wellbeing of consumers and suppliers. The company uses fair trade principles in purchasing that links to the final prices charged (Amorepacific 2016g). Its procurement program supports sourcing of safe materials at reasonable prices to create strong relationships with suppliers. Payments to suppliers aim to share the profit generated from sales. Pricing of end products strives to ensure customers can afford items offered and enhance their beauty. The prices charged takes into consideration all costs to ensure sales yield sustainable profit margins. Place component involves distribution strategies to avail the products to customers (Heikkurinen, and Bonnedahl 2013). Numerous sustainability issues surround supply chain activities. Transportation of goods accounts for significant carbon emission as many vehicles are powered by petroleum. AmorePacific marketing strategy aims to reduce t ransportation carbon footprint through the use of joint distribution and eco-driving campaigns (Amorepacific 2016d). The promotion element of the marketing strategy entails communication of companys sustainability practices and educating the public to support programs for preserving the environment (Belz 2012). AmorePacific Laneige brand incorporates these considerations through commercials and messages for customers on the products (Kumar, and Christodoulopoulou 2014). The company also organizes and supports sensitization programs to lobby for public support for environmental sustainability such as safe waste disposal and conservation of natural resources. Competitors: LOreal and Dione International Corporation. The Laneige brand faces intense competition from other substitutes employing sustainability practices as a response to the mainstream environmental conservation pressure. AmorePacifics competitors in the Singapore market include the French-based LOreal Corporation and Dione International Corporation. Dione International Company is based in Singapore and distributes aesthetic skincare products from Korean firms. It does not engage in production activities and hence does not have a comprehensive sustainability strategy. The company supplies a few brand products. One of the brands competing with the Laneige is the Dione brand. Dione products include EX-C after Cream, Microdermabrasion Cream, and U Modelling Mask (Dione International 2016). The company assumes sustainability attributes of the manufacturers by selecting products that promote environmental sustainability for the planet, people and profits. Diones sustainability practices involve the marketing activities. It seeks to reduce carbon footprint by the transportation vehicles by utilizing full capacity when moving products to customers. It also partners with other supply chain players who apply environmental sustainability practices. LOreal is a major player in the Singapores market with several brands and a wide range of products. One of the brands is Lancme that competes with Laneige brand (Chung 2015). Lancme involves a range of products for skincare, makeups, and fragrance. Iconic products include Visionnaire, Absolute, and Teint Miracle, among others (LOreal 2016a). The Lancme brand incorporates comprehensive sustainability practices under the companys strategy. The company aims to make beauty sustainable by modifying the business model in research, operations, marketing, and communication with consumers. It seeks to share growth with suppliers, employees, and communities (LOreal. 2016b). Moreover, it has the goal to create more products with least negative impacts on the environment through innovation, production, and consumption stages. In innovation, the company has attained 80 percent sustainable sourcing of plant-based raw materials and 100 percent palm oil purchases certified to be sustainable (LOreal 2016c). Production sustainability includes 17.7 percent growth in output, 22 percent reduction in water consumption, and 23 percent reduction of transportable wastes. Consumption practices include stakeholder engagement and studies to guide sustainable usage (Burritt 2012). The company is committed to realizing greater sustainability achievement by 2020 according to the set strategy (LOreal. 2016b). Activities to guide this plan include in-depth research for impacts of products on the environment and society to strengthen sustainability practices. Conclusion AmorePacific Company is a leading firm in the Singapores cosmetics industry. It embraces sustainability practices based on the principles of safeguarding the planet, people, and profits. It has a comprehensive sustainability strategy for all products. The Laniage brand products and marketing activities apply concepts to reduce carbon, water, and ecological footprint. The approach involves setting goals and implementing activities to realize targets. Some achievements include reduction carbon emission, water consumption, and restoring rare plant species to protect the environment for the future generations. Although Laneige faces competition from Lancome and Dione substitutes, the sustainability practices give the company cutting edge. As a result, the company has attained large customer base in Singapore using the brand. Sustainability practices for the Laneige products are observed in the marketing strategies using the 4Ps. Product, pricing, place and promotional activities incorpor ate best practices to conserve the environment and encourage consumers support for safe waste disposal. The company can improve in a few areas to further reduce impacts on the environment. For instance, the company can carry out research to replace raw materials that face the threat of extinction. Additionally, the company can stock different brands in store outlets to benefit from economies of scale operations that promote sustainability. Reference List Amorepacific 2016g. Sustainable Purchasing: Beautiful Fair Trade- Key Principles. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-product/sustainable-purchasing/beautiful-fair-trade-key-principles.html Amorepacific. 2015. Laneige. [Online]. Available at:https://www.laneige.com/int/en/main.html Amorepacific. 2016a. About Us: Global Network. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/about-us/global-network/amorepacific-singapore.html Amorepacific. 2016b. Brands: Laneige. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/brands/laneige.html Amorepacific. 2016c. Water Stewardship Waste Management. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-for-planet/reducing-environmental-impact/water-stewardship-and-waste-management.html Amorepacific. 2016d. Response to Climate Change. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-for-planet/reducing-environmental-impact/response-to-climate-change.html Amorepacific. 2016e. Sustainability Good for Planet: Biodiversity. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-for-planet/biodiversity/biodiversity.html Amorepacific. 2016f. Product Safety: Products Ingredients Safety. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-product/product-safety/products-and-ingredients-safety.html Amorepacific. 2016h. Development of Sustainable Packaging. [Online]. Available at: https://www.amorepacific.com/int/en/sustainability/good-product/sustainable-products/development-of-sustainable-packaging.html Belz, F.-M. 2012. Sustainability marketing: a global perspective. Chichester, Wiley. Burritt, R.L., 2012. Environmental performance accountability: planet, people, profits. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 25(2), pp.370-405. Chung, G. 2015. Beauty with a difference. The Straits Times. [Online]. Available at:https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/beauty-with-a-difference de Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C. and Weijnen, M., 2015. Sustainablesmartresilientlow carbonecoknowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner production, 109, pp.25-38. Despeisse, M., Ball, P.D., Evans, S. and Levers, A., 2012. Industrial ecology at factory levela conceptual model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 31, pp.30-39. Dione International. 2016. Brand Products: Dione. [Online]. Available at: https://dioneinternational.com.sg/main/brand-products/dione/ Gunasekaran, A. and Spalanzani, A., 2012. Sustainability of manufacturing and services: Investigations for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), pp.35-47. Heikkurinen, P. and Bonnedahl, K.J., 2013. Corporate responsibility for sustainable development: a review and conceptual comparison of market-and stakeholder-oriented strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 43, pp.191-198. Hoekstra, A.Y. and Mekonnen, M.M., 2012. The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 109(9), pp.3232-3237. Hgevold, N.M., Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2015. A sustainable business model in services: an assessment and validation. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 7(1), pp.17-33. Kumar, V. and Christodoulopoulou, A., 2014. Sustainability and branding: An integrated perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(1), pp.6-15. LOreal. 2016a. Brands: LOreal Luxe- Lancme. [Online]. Available at: https://www.loreal.sg/brand/loral-luxe/lancme LOreal. 2016b. Our sustainability challenge. [Online]. Available at:https://www.loreal.sg/csr-commitments/sharing-beauty-with-all/our-vision/our-sustainability-challenge LOreal. 2016c. The CSR Strategy of LOral, by Alexandra Palt, Director CSR Sustainability. [Online]. Available at: https://www.loreal.sg/csr-commitments/sharing-beauty-with-all/our-vision/the-csr-strategy-of-loral--by-alexandra-palt--director-csr---sustainability Martin, D., Schouten, J. 2012. Sustainable marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Prentice Hall. Montiel, I. and Delgado-Ceballos, J., 2014. Defining and measuring corporate sustainability are we there yet?. Organization Environment, 27(2), pp.113-139. Rosen, M.A. and Kishawy, H.A., 2012. Sustainable manufacturing and design: Concepts, practices and needs. Sustainability, 4(2), pp.154-174. Sahota, A. 2014. Sustainability: how the cosmetics industry is greening up. Chichester, WS, United Kingdom. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2013. Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 56, pp.1-6. Smith, M., 2016. Business Sustainability and the Triple Bottom Line: Considering the Interrelationships of People, Profit, and Planet. In Learner-Centered Teaching Activities for Environmental and Sustainability Studies (pp. 181-186). Springer International Publishing. Whiteman, G., Walker, B. and Perego, P., 2013. Planetary boundaries: Ecological foundations for corporate sustainability. Journal of Management Studies, 50(2), pp.307-336.

The Republican Ideology Is A Facet Of The Social Fabric Of The Essays

The republican ideology is a facet of the social fabric of the colonial citizens of America that may, arguably, have had the greatest affect on the struggle for independence and the formation of a constitutional form of government in the United States. The birth of the republican ideology, while impossible to place an exact date on, or even month, can be traced back more than a decade before the Revolutionary War. It can also be argued that this social machine began to function as a result of circumstances which led many colonist to choose to come to America. The uniformity of this ideology, however, would change and modify itself as circumstances warranted in the period between 1760 and 1800. It is first necessary to understand the exact reasons why the ancestors of the American revolutionaries chose to live in America, as opposed to staying in England, where a healthy and prosperous life was a much greater possibility. America was, in the eyes of its first English settlers, an open book with no writing on the pages. It was the foundation of a building that had not yet been built. Many felt that it was up to them to shape the way this new land would function, as opposed to the way Parliament or the King felt it should. The memories of these early pioneering settlers were a common theme for American revolutionaries before the Revolutionary War. These early settlers were the creators of the foundation to the building the revolutionaries would finish. Another common theme which drove the revolutionary ideology was the knowledge not only of the monumental significance of the job to be undertaken, but also the impact a free democracy on a scale as large as America would have on future generations of Americans who, certainly, would not take their freedom for granted. The ideology held by most American revolutionaries was one in which they knew their sacrifices would be acknowledged and appreciated by future generations of Americans. There was also the knowledge that America would serve as an example to God and the rest of the world of what the advantages of a free society could be. Religion also played an important role in the establishment of this ideology. God, in the eyes of the earliest revolutionaries, was on the side of liberty. There was religious justification for actions undertaken by both England and America. The English stated that rebellion was a sin, while the Americans stated that the corruption of England, as well as its intolerance of liberty to the point of warfare, was also a sin. War, from the religious perspective of the revolutionary in America before the outbreak of war with England, was seen as a necessary evil. God could permit war as a means of escaping tyranny, such as that which England was symbolic of. God was, in the eyes of the pre Revolutionary War revolutionaries, without question on the side of liberty and personal freedom. The suffering of Americans under the tyrannical hand of English government was much the same as the suffering undertaken by Jesus at the cross. He suffered for all the sinful people of the world. He died for our sins. The revolutionaries felt much the same way about any suffering that may be incurred throughout the war. They felt that it would be looked back upon as a sacrifice that they made for the success of future generations of Americans. On an even larger scale, it would also be looked upon as a sacrifice for liberty and freedom in all countries around the world who suffered under the sinful hand of oppression. The revolutionaries also had their own ideas about independence as well. To them independence was a necessity. It was absolutely key to any further advancement towards their ultimate goal of freedom to enjoy personal liberties. How exactly independence was physically achieved was not as important as the fact that it had already, and would always be, achieved in the minds of Americans. Their thoughts and actions were already that of an independent people regardless of whether or not England still had legal domain over them. Independence was a essential aspect of self-preservation which, according to the revolutionaries, was their objective. Their motive was not an act of active rebellion against authority as much as it was one of self-preservation. As the Revolutionary War continued to wage on longer than had been expected by many revolutionaries, it became clear that some sacrifices, or modifications of this ideology would have to be made. One of the first clear examples of this can be seen with the formation of the Continental

The Rise of Hitler to Power

Introduction Adolf Hitler rose to power as the chancellor of Germany in 1933 through a legal election and formed a coalition government of the NSDAO-DNVP Party. Many issues in Hitler’s life and manipulations behind the curtains preceded this event.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Hitler to Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hitler and the Nazi party rose to power propelled by various factors that were in play in Germany since the end of World War I. The weak Weimar Republic and Hitler’s anti-Semitism campaigns and obsession were some of the factors that favored Hitler’s rise to power and generally the Nazi beliefs (Bloxham and Kushner 2005: 54). Every public endorsement that Hitler received was an approval for his hidden Nazi ideals of dictatorship and Semitism regardless of whether the Germans were aware or not. Hitler’s pathway to power was rather long and coupled wit h challenges but he was not ready to let go; he held on to accomplish his deeply rooted obsessions and beliefs; actually, vote for Hitler was a vote for the Holocaust. Hitler joined the German Worker’s Party in the year 1919 as its fifth member. His oratory talent and anti-Semitism values quickly popularized him and by 1920, he was already the head of propaganda. The party later changed its name to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartel (NSDPA) and formed paramilitary groups in the name of security men or gymnastics and sports division. It was this paramilitary formed by Hitler that would cause unrest later to tarnish the name of the communists leading to distrust of communism by the Germans and on the other hand rise of popularity of the Nazi (Burleigh 1997: 78).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A turning point of Hitler took place when he led the Beer Hall Putsch, in a failed coup de tat and the government later imprisoned him on accusations of treason. The resulting trial earned him a lot of publicity, he used the occasion to attack the Weimar republic, and later while in prison, he rethought his approach to get into power. The Weimar Republic The military defeat and German revolution in November 1918 after the First World War saw the formation of Weimar republic.The military government handed over power to the civilian government and later on revolutions in form of mutinies, violent uprisings and declaration of independence occurred until early 1919. Then there was formation of constituent assembly and promulgated of new constitution, which included the infamous article 48. None of the many political parties could gain a majority vote to form government and therefore many small parties formed a coalition government. What followed were a short period of political stability mainly because of the coalition government in place and the later the sig ning of the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919. Many factors caused the rise of the Nazi party to power. The most notable factor was his ability to take advantage of Germany’s poor leadership, economical and political instability. The Weimar’s Republic collapse under pressure due to hyperinflation and civil unrest was the result of Hitler’s ability to manipulate the German media and public while at the same time taking advantage of the country’s poor leadership (Schleunes 1990: 295). The period between 1921 and 1922, Germany was struggling with economic instability due to high inflation and hyperinflation rates prior to the absolute collapse of the German currency. The German mark became almost useless resulting into instability-fuelled unrest in many sectors of the economy. To counter the effects, the government printed huge amounts of paper money.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Hitler to Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Germany had to sign the unforgiving treaty of Versailles, which the Weimar Republic was responsible for and was later to become the ‘noose around Germany’s neck’, a situation that caused â€Å"feelings of distrust, fear, resentment, and insecurity towards the Weimar Republic† (Bartov 2000: 54). Hitler built on these volatile emotions and offered the option of a secure and promising leadership of the extremist Nazi party as opposed to the weak and unstable coalition government of the Weimar republic. Dippel notes, â€Å"Hitler’s ability to build upon people’s disappointed view of the hatred of the treaty of Versailles was one of the major reason for the Nazi party’s and Hitler’s rise to power† (1996: 220). The Treaty of Versailles introduced the German population to a period of economic insatiability and caused an escalation of hard economic standards. The opportunis tic appearance of an extremist group that promised better options than the prevailing situation presented a temptation to the vulnerable Germans to accept it (Dippel 1996: 219). During the period of hyperinflation, unemployment rose sharply and children were largely malnourished. The value of people’s savings spiraled downwards leading to low living standards and reduction in people buying power. People became desperate and started a frantic search for a better alternative to the Weimar Government. Germany in a state of disillusionment became a prey to the convincing promises of Hitler. Hitler promised full employment and security in form of a strong central government. The Weimar republic also faced political challenges from both left-wingers and right-wingers. The communists wanted radical changes like those one implemented in Russia while the conservatives thought that the Weimar government was too weak and liberal. Anti-Semitism The Germans longed for a leader with the le adership qualities of Bismark especially with the disillusionment of the Weimar republic. They blamed the government for the hated Versailles treaty and they all came out to look for a scapegoat to their overwhelming challenges (Thalmann and Feinermann 1990: 133).Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In their bid to look for scapegoats, many Germans led by Hitler and Nazi party blamed the German Jews for their economic and political problems. Hitler made a failed attempt to seize power through a coup de tat that led to his arrest and imprisonment. In prison, he wrote a book that was later to become the guide to Nazism known as Mein Kampf (My Struggle). The book reflected Hitler’s obsessions to nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism and he insisted that Germans belonged to a superior race of Aryans meaning light-skinned Europeans. According to Hitler, the greatest enemies of the Aryans were the Jews and therefore the Germans should eliminate them at all costs since they were the genesis of all their misfortunes. These views on Semitism could trace its genesis in history from which it Historians suspect that Hitler’s ideas were rooted. In this view, Christians persecuted Jews mainly because of their difference in beliefs. Nationalism in the 19th century caused the so ciety to view Jews as ethnic outsiders while Hitler viewed Jews not as members of a religion but as a unique race (Longerich 2006: 105). Consequently, he blamed the German’s defeat on a conspiracy of Marxists, Jews, corruption of politicians and businesspersons. Hitler urged the Germans on the need to unite into a great nation so that the slaves and other inferior races could bow to their needs (Bergen 2003: 30). He further advocated for removal and elimination of the Jews from the face of the earth to create enough space for ‘great nation’. He spread propaganda that for Germany to unite into one great nation it required a strong leader one he believed to be destined to become. These Semitism views contributed to the sudden change of fortunes for the Nazi party and Hitler because the conditions were appropriate. The Germans were desperate for some hope in the midst of frustrating times due to the failure of the Weimar republic and rising communism (Stone 2004: 17 ). They involuntarily yielded to the more appealing Nazism values especially with the promises of destroying communism and improved living standards. However, in accepting the Nazi party and Hitler, the Germans were giving in to Semitism, which was deeply rooted in the core values of Nazism, and Hitler had clearly outlined them in the Mein Kampf, which laid out his ideas and future policies. Propaganda Hitler’s well timed and precise way of â€Å"introducing the secure option of Nazism at an appropriate time and taking advantage of a disjointed Weimar republic that faced unprecedented challenges† (Cohn-Sherbok 1999: 12) was one of the many reasons that underscored Hitler’s fame. He promised a strong and united German nation very timely when the German nation had suffered a dent to their pride and union due to the defeat in the First World War. Hitler’s promise of a strong and powerful nation began to look very appealing causing a large proportion of Germa ns, who were in disillusionment, to divert their support the Nazi Party (Gordon 1987: 67). Hitler’s opportunistic approach and perfectly timed cunning speeches as well as his manipulation of certain circumstance were significant reasons for the rise of Nazism and Hitler in Germany. During the Great depression and release from prison, Hitler introduced large-scale propaganda and at the same time manipulated the media with his ideas. This led to the Nazi supporter’s increase of detests against their opposition and many Germans believed in the cunning lies of Hitler (Kaplan 1999: 45). He managed to spread lies against the communist society and a case in point is when a communist supporter set the Reichstag building ablaze in one of the civil unrests in Germany, supposedly. This event caused the communism society to loose popularity and allowed Hitler to activate the enabling act when he came to power. The act marked a turning point in the success of Hitler’s dictat orship and Historians accredit it as the foundation of the Nazi rule. The communists later realized that the Nazis were responsible for the act at Reichstag building and the act meant to provoke hatred between the communists and Nazi supporters. Conclusion Hitler had a very charming personality that made him very easy to get along with people. His likable character and oratory skills enabled him to put forward the strong sense of authority that the Weimar Republic lacked. This, in combination with other factors, made him very appealing to the desperate Germans, making them believe in the Nazi ideals like Semitism and supporting the Nazi party while concurrently fueling hatred of the ruling Weimar Republic. Hitler’s ability to manipulate circumstances and situation in the favor of himself and his Nazi Party was reason for their success to rise to power. Hitler waited patiently to take hold of the realms of power before unleashing his full force of dictatorship and hatred for t he Jews, which led to the holocaust. It is therefore just to state that every Hitler’s vote was a vote for the holocaust. Reference List Bartov, O., ed., The Holocaust: origins, implementation, aftermath, Routledge, London/New York, 2000. Bergen, D. L., War Genocide: a concise history of the Holocaust, 2nd ed., Rowman Littlefield, 2003. Bloxham, D. T. Kushner, The Holocaust. Critical historical approaches, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2005. Burleigh, M., Ethics and Extermination. Reflections on Nazi Genocide, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997. Cohn-Sherbok, D., Understanding the Holocaust, Cassell. London/New York, 1999. Dippel, J. H., Bound upon a Wheel of Fire. Why so many German Jews made the tragic decision to remain in Nazi Germany, Basic Books, New York, 1996. Gordon, A. S., Hitler, Germans and the ‘Jewish Question’, Blackwell, Oxford, 1987. Kaplan, M., Between dignity and despair: Jewish life in Nazi Germany, New York: Oxford Unive rsity Press, 1999. Longerich, P., The Unwritten Order. Hitler’s Role in the Final Solution, Tempus, The Mill, GLS, 2006. Schleunes, K. A., The Twisted Road to Auschwitz. Nazi Policy towards German Jews, 1933-9, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1990. Stone, D., Histories of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2004. Thalmann, R. E. Feinermann, Crystal night, 9-10 November 1938, Thames and  Hudson, London, 1990. This essay on The Rise of Hitler to Power was written and submitted by user Benton N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example a short time difference, the former artist belonged to the School of Florence and can be seen as a typical representative of Renaissance while the latter articulated a new period which is called Mannerism. To begin with, it may be particularly important to examine the similarities which can be found in the two works of art. First of all, the most obvious point that the two paintings share is colors of the clothes that Mary the Virgin wears. Thus, the authors adhered to the tradition and depicted her wearing old fashion garments, one of which is red and the other is blue. The contrast between these two colors is easily recognizable and is pleasing to the eye. While both authors used red, the intensity of this color is different: on the former picture it is significantly lighter than on the second one. Another point that the two works of art share is the posture of Mary. As one can easily see, she is depicted sitting and looking at her child. It is rather obvious that this composition can be interpreted from different points of view. On the one hand, this kind of posture reflects the biblical story and might be seen as a typical one. On the other hand, it is quite natural for a mother to look at her child while being painted or taken picture of. That is why the general atmosphere of the picture is incredibly humanistic: it depicts behavior of almost real people which contributes to warm perception of it. The third aspect which should be taken into account while considering the similarities between the two pictures is the way the two characters look. It must be noted that they do not look straight at the audience, but down and to the side. The reason why Mary is depicted in such a way can be easily understood: she looks at her son who is smaller than her and is sitting on her laps; that is why, it is natural for her to look down. However, the child also looks down and to the side. There are might be several ways to explain it. According to one of them, people can